我国南方夏季低频雨型的季节内水汽输送特征   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

左金清  任宏利  李维京  张培群  杨明珠 《地球物理学报》2009,52(9):2210-2221

利用1962～2006年NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,采用对历史个例进行合成分析的方法,研究了异常降水中心分别位于长江以南区域的江南型和长江-淮河流域的江淮型低频雨型的季节内水汽输送特征.研究表明,江南型的总水汽输送主要来源于孟加拉湾,并经中南半岛和南海输入江南区域;江淮型的总水汽输送主要直接来源于南海,但水汽源地主要为印度季风区.对于水汽输送异常,江南型和江淮型具有明显不同的特征.江南型的水汽输送异常主要来源于热带西太平洋-南海,中纬度西风带和中高纬度南下的水汽输送异常的贡献次之;而江淮型的水汽输送异常主要来源于热带和副热带西太平洋,中纬度西风带水汽输送异常的贡献次之.另外,水汽输送异常对江南型的区域总水汽收支的贡献约为50%,而对江淮型的区域总水汽收支的贡献高达70%左右.因此,虽然总水汽输送主要取决于气候平均水汽输送,但是,水汽输送异常与气候平均水汽输送对江南型和江淮型的水汽供应具有相同甚至更为重要的贡献.特别是对于江淮型,区域总水汽收支主要取决于水汽输送异常的贡献,而水汽输送异常的变化较平均水汽输送更为复杂,这有可能是江淮流域汛期降水预报较为困难的原因之一.  相似文献   

A critical review of groundwater budget myth, safe yield and sustainability   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Yangxiao Zhou   《Journal of Hydrology》2009,370(1-4):207-213

The principle of water balance is well known, but its application often causes controversy. One recent debate is the use of the water balance equation to determine the safe yield and sustainable yield. Two extreme opinions exist on natural groundwater recharge. One misconception is that the development of groundwater is considered to be safe if the pumping rate does not exceed the rate of natural recharge. Another is that the sustainable pumping rate has nothing to do with natural recharge, but depends on the increased recharge and decreased discharge (called capture) induced by pumping. The truth is that both the natural recharge and dynamic development of the capture determine the safe yield or sustainable yield of a groundwater basin. This paper clarifies the water budget controversy and uses the water balance equation to critically analyse the concepts of safe yield and sustainable yield. Numerical simulation of a hypothetical case was used to demonstrate the natural groundwater balance, effects of pumping and the dynamic development of the capture.  相似文献   

Comparative analysis of fuzzy inference systems for water consumption time series prediction   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Mahmut Firat  Mustafa Erkan Turan  Mehmet Ali Yurdusev   《Journal of Hydrology》2009,374(3-4):235-241

Two types of fuzzy inference systems (FIS) are used for predicting municipal water consumption time series. The FISs used include an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and a Mamdani fuzzy inference systems (MFIS). The prediction models are constructed based on the combination of the antecedent values of water consumptions. The performance of ANFIS and MFIS models in training and testing phases are compared with the observations and the best fit model is identified according to the selected performance criteria. The results demonstrated that the ANFIS model is superior to MFIS models and can be successfully applied for prediction of water consumption time series.  相似文献   

溶地区公路建设对地下水环境的破坏形式及其保护策略研究——以贵州高原为例   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

程星  郭明  石方红 《中国岩溶》2005,24(2):164-168

通过对贵遵高速公路、老贵遵路、贵新路、兴关路、贵毕路、贵黄路、水黄路、水威路、以及在建的清黄路、崇遵路等水环境破坏的野外调查,总结出了贵州岩溶地区公路建设中地下水环境破坏的6种形式,即改变水流方向、阻断地下水补给源、截断地下水的径流路径、封堵地下水的排泄口、施工爆破造成的水环境破坏、复合型的水环境破坏类型,并结合不同岩溶地貌类型提出了相应的保护策略。   相似文献   

地下水位变化对桂林地区地基基础的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

刘之葵  梁金城 《中国岩溶》2005,24(3):245-249

不同季节桂林地区的地下水位变化较大。通过分析发现,地下水位的变化对地基的稳定不利。地下水位上升将降低地基土承载力特征值f a 和软弱下卧层地基承载力特征值f az ,并影响到地基换土垫层的处理设计; 而地下水位下降将加大地基沉降。因此,《地基规范》第5. 3. 5条地基变形验算没有考虑地下水位变化的影响是不合适的。为此,建议对于受地下水位影响的地基,宜按分层总和法进行地基变形计算。此外,由于桂林漓江沿岸不少的地基主要由砂砾土组成,地下水位上升还会增加砂、砾石土地基基坑主动土压力,但对于粘性土的基坑土压力则影响不明显。   相似文献   

长江中下游特大桥主要工程地质问题的勘察与研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

徐福兴  石林 《地球科学》2001,26(4):377-380

20世纪90年代以来, 长江中下游特大跨江公路专用桥建设开始起步, 至今已有黄石、铜陵、江阴、武汉、南京等长江公路大桥建成通车, 并有多座大桥正在建设和勘测设计.在大桥建设中遇到了地震与断裂构造、软弱层带、极软岩、岩溶等复杂的工程地质问题.在解决这些问题中除了采用常规的工程地质勘察和试验技术外, 还进行了软岩流变试验、钻孔内彩色电视录像、原位承载力及压桩试验、桥基地质力学模型试验等技术和方法, 取得了可靠的数据, 为大桥设计提供了依据, 并通过已建成大桥的实践得到了证明.这些勘察研究的技术方法为长江中下游特大桥建设提供了经验.   相似文献   

长江口悬沙动力特征与输运模式   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

高建华  汪亚平  潘少明  王爱军 《海洋通报》2005,24(5):8-15

本项研究用ADCP在长江河口进行高频、高分辨率三维流速和声学浊度的定点观测,通过对定点站位潮周期内的悬沙浓度、流速和盐度的分析,计算悬沙输运率;悬沙输运机制分析表明平流作用、斯托克斯漂移效应在悬沙输运中占据主导地位.此外,从河口内向河口外,潮周期内的水动力特征与悬沙净输运具有明显的地域性差异,主要表现在悬沙输送的贡献因子、盐度的垂向混合和分布特征、垂向流速等方面.在拦门沙下游和口外地区,悬沙均向西、北方向输送,而拦门沙上游则向东、南方向输送.这种悬沙输运格局,对于长江口拦门沙及附近最大浑浊带的形成有着重要的作用.  相似文献   

Biogeochemistry of Nutrient Elements in the Changjiang （Yangtze River） Estuary     

王保栋  屠建波 《海洋通报(英文版)》2005,7(2):72-79

Introduction The estuarine and coastal waters are nutrient-enriched and the nutrient ratios have been altered as a result of the changed riverine input due to land-use change and anthropogenic nutrient emission over the last century [1, 2]. Estuarine and coastal ecosystems respond to such changes in nutrient budgets by shifting population dynamics of phytoplankton and hence of the rest of the food web, leading to changes in top-down as well as bottom-up control of community structures [3]. Sin…  相似文献   

春、夏季长江口邻近水域浮游动物优势种的生态特征   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

徐兆礼  沈新强  马胜伟 《海洋科学》2005,29(12):13-19

依据2000～2003年长江口邻近海域5月和8月8个航次的调查资料,对长江口浮游动物优势种的生态特征进行了研究。根据优势种出现的年份,平均丰度、优势度、聚集强度和对总丰度变化的回归贡献,确定本区优势种的重要性为真刺唇角水蚤（Labidocera euchaeta）〉中华哲水蚤（Calanus sinicus）〉背针胸刺水蚤（Centropage dorsispinatus）。太平洋纺锤水蚤（Acartia pacifica）,火腿许水蚤（Schmackeria poplesia）和虫肢歪水蚤（Tortanus vermiculus）为次要优势种。马蹄娩螺（Limacina trochiformis）是偶然出现的优势种。中华哲水蚤在春季对总丰度贡献最大。真刺唇角水蚤是8个航次唯一的优势种,种群年间变化不显著。太平洋纺锤水蚤,火腿许水蚤和虫肢歪水蚤分布范围相对狭小,火腿许水蚤和虫肢歪水蚤分布在沿岸偏淡水的水体,适合较低的温度。太平洋纺锤水蚤分布在近岸偏成水的水体,适合较高的温度。  相似文献   

Stream water chemistry and quality along an upland–lowland rural land-use continuum, south west England     

H.P. Jarvie  P.M. Haygarth  C. Neal  P. Butler  B. Smith  P.S. Naden  A. Joynes  M. Neal  H. Wickham  L. Armstrong  S. Harman  E.J. Palmer-Felgate 《Journal of Hydrology》2008,350(3-4):215-231

This study examined stream water quality across a range of catchments which are representative of the key environments and land uses of rural south-west England. These catchments included: (a) an acidic upland headwater catchment, rising on the moorlands of Dartmoor, with low-intensity sheep rearing; (b) a headwater catchment rising on the weathered granite lower slopes of Dartmoor, with cattle farming; (c) a lowland headwater clay catchment with sub-surface drainage and high intensity livestock farming, fodder crop cultivation, and hard-standing/slurry storage; and (d) the main River Taw, a lowland river system receiving drainage from a range of tributaries, exemplified by the above catchment types. Variations in water chemistry and quality were observed along an upland–lowland transition, from headwater streams to the main river channel. Within the livestock-dominated headwater streams, total phosphorus (TP) was dominated by particulate phosphorus (PP). These PP concentrations appeared to be mainly linked to two sets of processes: (1) in-stream sediment precipitation with sorption/co-precipitation of phosphate and/or localised in-channel mobilisation of sediment (by cattle or channel-clearing operations) under low flow conditions, and (2) sediment erosion and transportation associated with near-surface runoff during storm events. Under baseflow conditions, in-stream and/or riparian processes played a significant role in controlling general nutrient chemistry, particularly in the headwater streams which were heavily impacted by livestock.  相似文献